Western medicine and TCM had different understandings of the heart. In western medicine, the heart pumps and circulates the blood throughout the body, and it’s akin to the engine in the human body. On the contrary, TCM viewed the heart function as heart energy.

If the heart energy was vigorous, it meant that the heart had a strong Yang energy, which was internal heat. On the contrary, if the heart energy was insufficient, it meant that the heart function was deteriorating.

All in all, there were two main reasons that could cause insufficient heart energy. One of them was due to a weak constitution; if the Qi and blood were insufficient for an extended period of time, it would result in weak heart functions, and ultimately, heart-related diseases. The other was due to blood lipid building up impurities and saturated fatty acids in the inner walls of the blood vessels, which resulted in narrowed blood vessels.

However, Mu Jingchen’s condition was neither. His condition belonged to an inborn condition with his blood vessels being much more narrow than others. Hence, as he gets older, more impurities gathered in his blood vessels. So...